De novo ATP1A3 variants cause polymicrogyria

Satoko Miyatake, Mitsuhiro Kato, Takuma Kumamoto, Tomonori Hirose, Eriko Koshimizu, Takaaki Matsui, Hideyuki Takeuchi, Hiroshi Doi, Keisuke Hamada, Mitsuko Nakashima, Kazunori Sasaki, Akio Yamashita, Atsushi Takata, Kohei Hamanaka, Mai Satoh, Takabumi Miyama, Yuri Sonoda, Momoko Sasazuki, Hiroyuki Torisu, Toshiro Hara, Yasunari Sakai, Yushi Noguchi, Mazumi Miura, Yoko Nishimura, Kazuyuki Nakamura, Hideyuki Asai, Nodoka Hinokuma, Fuyuki Miya, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Masami Togawa, Yukihiro Ikeda, Nobusuke Kimura, Kaoru Amemiya, Asako Horino, Masataka Fukuoka, Hiroko Ikeda, Goni Merhav, Nina Ekhilevitch, Masaki Miura, Takeshi Mizuguchi, Noriko Miyake, Atsushi Suzuki, Shouichi Ohga, Hirotomo Saitsu, Hidehisa Takahashi, Fumiaki Tanaka, Kazuhiro Ogata, Chiaki Ohtaka-Maruyama and Naomichi Matsumoto.

Abstract

Polymicrogyria is a common malformation of cortical development whose etiology remains elusive. We conducted whole-exome sequencing for 124 patients with polymicrogyria and identified de novo ATP1A3 variants in eight patients. Mutated ATP1A3 causes functional brain diseases, including alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP), and cerebellar ataxia, areflexia, pes cavus, optic nerve atrophy, and sensorineural deafness (CAPOS). However, our patients showed no clinical features of AHC, RDP, or CAPOS and had a completely different phenotype: a severe form of polymicrogyria with epilepsy and developmental delay. Detected variants had different locations in ATP1A3 and different functional properties compared with AHC-, RDP-, or CAPOS-associated variants. In the developing cerebral cortex of mice, radial neuronal migration was impaired in neurons overexpressing the ATP1A3 variant of the most severe patients, suggesting that this variant is involved in cortical malformation pathogenesis. We propose a previously unidentified category of polymicrogyria associated with ATP1A3 abnormalities

Journal: Science Advances